# Apple and Meta Face Charges under the Digital Markets Act in Europe
Apple has recently made history as the first tech giant to be formally charged by the European Commission for violating the Digital Markets Act (DMA). This preliminary ruling was handed down on Monday, June 24, sparking concerns within the tech industry. Additionally, the Commission also ruled on July 1 that another major player, Meta, failed to comply with the DMA regulations.
## Understanding the DMA
The DMA, introduced in 2022, is a European Union regulation aimed at fostering fairness and competition in the digital market space. It places obligations on select influential tech firms, often referred to as “gatekeepers,” to ensure compliance in their daily operations. These obligations include providing users access to collected data, tracking user activities outside their platforms, enabling third-party interoperability, allowing easy uninstallation of pre-installed software, and deprioritizing third-party offerings on their platforms.
In September 2023, the European Commission categorized Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft as gatekeepers, pointing to their provision of core platform services like Google Maps, Apple App Store, and Amazon Marketplace. Noncompliance with the DMA can lead to fines of up to 10% of a company’s global turnover, escalating to 20% for repeat offenses. In severe cases, the Commission may mandate the sale of business units or restrict further acquisitions.
## Apple’s Violation of the DMA
The European Commission’s scrutiny of Apple revealed three key areas of violation. Firstly, Apple’s three sets of business rules prevent iOS developers from directing users to third-party purchase options. This contradicts the DMA’s directive of facilitating easy and free off-App Store purchase pathways. Additionally, Apple’s significant 30% commission on in-app purchases poses limitations on developers seeking alternative transaction pathways outside the App Store, affecting profits and competition.
## Meta’s Compliance Challenges
In a parallel investigation, Meta’s ‘pay or consent’ advertising approach on Facebook and Instagram failed to meet DMA standards. The Commission highlighted that this model did not offer a comparable service to users opting out of targeted ads and limited users’ consent to data usage—a violation of DMA principles.
## Responses to the DMA Allegations
Apple responded to the allegations by emphasizing security concerns related to third-party app access on Apple devices. While adjusting its pricing structure, Apple reduced the maximum commission on subscriptions and in-app purchases from 30% to 17%. However, the introduction of the controversial Core Technology Fee for high-traffic apps raised criticisms from developers like Epic Games, citing increased costs as a concern.
Meta defended its ‘Subscription for no ads’ model as compliant with DMA guidelines, aligning with regulatory insights and court decisions. Both Apple and Meta are engaging with the European Commission to address concerns and potential penalties.
## Potential Fines and Future Outlook
The European Commission’s preliminary findings signal breaches by Apple and Meta under the DMA. While both companies have the chance to address these issues, a decision on potential fines and corrective actions is set for March 25, 2025. Additionally, a separate investigation into Apple’s web browser choice screen complicating user service selection is underway, with outcomes expected in the future.
In conclusion, these legal actions reflect the EU’s commitment to fostering competitive and fair digital market environments, holding tech giants accountable for compliance with regulatory frameworks like the DMA. Stay tuned for further developments as Apple and Meta navigate these regulatory challenges.
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*Note: Megan Crouse contributed to this article for an accurate reflection of the charges against Meta.*