In a historic milestone, Egypt has achieved malaria-free status, marking the end of a centuries-old battle against the disease. The World Health Organization hailed this achievement as a testament to the unwavering dedication of the Egyptian people and government.
The Journey to Elimination
On Sunday, October 20, 2024, Egypt was officially certified as malaria-free by the WHO, following rigorous efforts spanning nearly a century. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus lauded this accomplishment as a significant moment in the nation’s history, emphasizing the eradication of a disease that has plagued the region since ancient times.
With Egypt’s certification, the global count of malaria-free countries now stands at 44, underscoring the progress made in combatting this devastating disease.
Criteria for Certification
The WHO grants malaria-free status to a country only after proving the sustained interruption of indigenous malaria transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes for a minimum of three consecutive years. Additionally, the country must demonstrate the capability to prevent the resurgence of transmission.
Malaria remains a significant global health concern, claiming over 600,000 lives annually, with 95% of fatalities occurring in Africa. In 2022 alone, there were 249 million reported cases of malaria worldwide.
Transmitted through mosquito bites, malaria primarily affects tropical regions and is caused by a parasite.
Future Challenges and Commitments
Despite the milestone achievement, Egypt’s Health Minister Khaled Abdel Ghaffar emphasized that the journey towards sustaining this victory has just begun. Maintaining high standards in surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment is crucial to preserving the country’s malaria-free status.
Early initiatives in Egypt to reduce human-mosquito contact date back to the 1920s, including measures like banning the cultivation of rice and agricultural crops near residential areas. By 1942, the country saw a drastic increase in malaria cases due to population displacement during World War II.
The construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960s posed new challenges, creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes. However, by 2001, Egypt had successfully controlled malaria, thanks to strategic interventions.
Nigeria accounts for more than a quarter of global malaria deaths annually, followed by the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Mozambique.
Looking Ahead
As Egypt celebrates its malaria-free status, the focus now shifts towards sustaining this achievement and preventing any resurgence of the disease. Continuous vigilance and adherence to stringent surveillance measures are essential in safeguarding the progress made.
This milestone serves as a beacon of hope for other nations battling malaria, underscoring the importance of collective efforts in eliminating this deadly disease.
Published – October 22, 2024 10:48 am IST